CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Learn more about our past work with MUHSD.

Since 2015, California policymakers have invested more than a billion dollars to support the expansion of Career and Technical Education (CTE) across the state.

This investment aligns with complementary reforms to the state’s school accountability system aimed in part at expanding definitions of student and school success. These two simultaneous initiatives—increased funding and supportive policy—have allowed California districts and schools to expand CTE course offerings for students and generate meaningful partnerships with business and industry. The Merced Union High School District (MUHSD) provides a promising example for other districts interested in leveraging existing funding and policies to expand CTE in an equitable manner. Vital to MUHSD’s push to expand CTE was leveraging funding available through the Local Control Funding Formula (LCFF) and setting clear goals for college and career readiness in its Local Control Accountability Plan (LCAP). The influx of state funding and policy changes was coupled with efforts to ensure all student groups have equitable access to CTE in MUHSD.

MUHSD’s push to expand CTE course offerings, particularly for student groups who have been underserved in public education, has required the district to address issues of equity that otherwise may have remained under the surface. According to district administrators, the push to expand CTE access has required district and school leaders to think outside the box to implement equitable policies and practices. Crucial to these implementation efforts is the belief that access in and of itself is not enough. Access must be coupled with equitable support for students. This belief stems from the district’s multi-tiered system of support (MTSS), which emphasizes providing all students with supportive opportunities to engage in relevant, real-world learning.

Specifically, MUHSD has pushed to expand CTE access for students with special needs, English Learners, and other traditionally underserved student groups. As a result, CTE teachers are encountering equity issues they have not seen before, requiring them to alter their instruction by providing support and accommodations to ensure all students in their classrooms are successful. As one example, Atwater High School now offers agriculture CTE courses in Spanish for English Learners. As another example, MUHSD has promoted access to CTE for students at alternative and continuation schools by first ensuring stakeholders at these schools are informed about CTE opportunities and then providing students at these schools with district-funded transportation to access these opportunities. As MUHSD continues to expand access to CTE for all students, it is likely that schools and teachers will be presented with an expanding array of pressing equity issues to address.

The first page of MUHSD’s LCAP clearly states its main goal as a district. MUHSD’s “number one goal is for students to be BOTH college and career ready.” This goal requires students to “become innovators, creative and critical thinkers, collaborative teammates and effective communicators.” CTE is key to MUHSD’s vision, and is supported by the explicit declaration of goals and actions to pursue those goals outlined in MUHSD’s LCAP. MUHSD’s journey demonstrates that district leaders must be relentless in the pursuit of every opportunity afforded to them in their efforts to expand CTE, and that CTE provides new opportunities to engage all students.

It is important to note that LCFF and associated LCAP have been just one set of structures used to expand CTE in MUHSD. Below is a partial list demonstrating the numerous strategies, structures, and resources through which MUSHD is expanding CTE course offerings:

• Clear goals for CTE through LCAP goals and a CTE Master Plan
• Clear goals for increasing access to CTE for student groups who are underrepresented
• One million dollars of LCFF funding specific to implementing CTE pathways
• Additional district resources, including a CTE resource booklet and CTE frameworks
• Technical review committees specific to each career pathway
• A partnership with Fresno Pacific University to train CTE teachers
• Labor market research to determine the most in demand industries in the Merced area
• District administrator-led “CTE Roadshows” designed to market CTE to industry partners
• A ninth-grade CTE interest plan with accompanying survey
• Stakeholder input on MUHSD’s CTE Master Plan
• Adding CTE courses to new graduation requirements
• Requiring English Learners to take an elective in lieu of additional English courses

The partial list above aligns to organizational theory on coherence and what we refer to as The Inflexion Approach (see callout box). MUHSD’s goals for expanding access to CTE are consistent with its identity as a district promoting deeper learning through hands-on learning experiences and educational equity. Moreover, the selected organizational structures described in the list above help ensure that MUHSD’s stated goals are implemented and sustained at the student-level.

The ongoing work in MUHSD presents a promising model for other districts hoping to expand definitions of student success and promote equity through CTE. Key to this process is the ability of MUHSD to articulate its goals for college and career readiness in its LCAP and to support those goals through LCFF funding, organizational structures that support the expansion of CTE access. The focus on promoting equity by expanding CTE access has required MUHSD to identify and address issues that may prevent some students from accessing in CTE coursework. When state-level policy is effective it pushes district administrators, school leaders, and teachers to identify and address issues that prevent student groups traditionally underserved in public education from accessing deeper learning opportunities that improve their college and career readiness. We see evidence of this type of necessary tension in MUHSD through efforts to expand CTE.

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